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51.
根据作者从事环境评价工作的经验,结合北京市的城市建设项目的案例,说明在公众参与工作中结合中国城市基层组织特点,发挥基层组织作用,能够有效使公众参与环境保护、体现公众环境知情权、制止群体事件的发生,进一步做好公众参与工作。 相似文献
52.
三峡澎溪河回水区消落带岸边土壤重金属污染分布特征 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
在对澎溪河回水区消落带及岸边土样品中重金属含量和样品理化性质测定的基础上,重点分析了该区域内重金属分布特征,并对重金属元素间的相关性展开研究.同时,应用地累积指数对研究区域污染现状进行评价.结果表明,消落带样品中Cu、Cr、Zn、As、Cd、Pb、Hg的平均含量分别为28.17、59.21、108.98、4.77、2.02、28.85、0.52mg·kg-1;岸边土样品中重金属的含量范围分别为22.32、54.90、98.05、7.87、0.77、22.97、0.94mg·kg-1.Cd是三峡库区污染较严重的重金属元素.相关性分析表明:在消落带样品中,Cd与Zn显著相关(p〈0.01),Pb、Hg和Cu、As都存在显著的正相关关系,说明这4种重金属元素在接受外来污染时可能存在相似性;在岸边土样品中,Cd与Zn、Cr与Cu、As与Hg显著相关(p〈0.01),Pb与Cu、Cr、Zn、Cd显著正相关,表明这几种重金属可能有着相似的来源.消落带样品重金属污染程度评价结果为:Cd〉Hg〉Zn〉Pb〉Cu〉As〉Cr,岸边土样品重金属污染程度评价结果为:Hg〉Cd〉Zn〉As〉Pb〉Cu〉Cr,Cd和Hg在个别站位达到了严重污染水平.消落带土壤受人为扰动后会成为水体的二次污染源,因此,消落带土壤重金属对水体的潜在影响不容忽视. 相似文献
53.
实验用水热合成法制备出银、钕掺杂TiO2催化剂粉体,然后以高压汞灯为光源,掺杂TiO2催化剂粉体为光化降解催化剂,探究对甲基橙模拟印染废水光催化分解的效果。光解实验研究采用正交设计法,以模拟废水浓度、催化剂用量、光照时间以及pH为因素,各因素选取4个水平,对催化光解甲基橙染料的降解率进行评价。分析结果表明:银、钕掺杂TiO2催化剂对甲基橙光化降解有良好的效果,最佳实验条件为:溶液pH为5,甲基橙的初始质量浓度为2 mg/L,催化剂投加量60 mg/L和光照时间80 min。在最佳条件下,连续光照8 h后甲基橙的降解率达到92%以上。 相似文献
54.
Xiaoping Zhou Xiaoke Wang Lei Tong Hongxing Zhang Fei Lu Feixiang Zheng Peiqiang Hou Wenzhi Song Zhiyun Ouyang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(12):2104-2112
The significant warming in urban environment caused by the combined effects of global warming and heat island has stimulated widely development of urban vegetations. However, it is less known of the climate feedback of urban lawn in warmed environment. Soil warming effect on net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide during the transition period from winter to spring was investigated in a temperate urban lawn in Beijing, China. The NEE (negative for uptake) under soil warming treatment (temperature was about 5℃ higher than the ambient treatment as a control) was -0.71 μmol/(m2.sec), the ecosytem was a CO2 sink under soil warming treatment, the lawn ecosystem under the control was a CO2 source (0.13 μmol/(m2.sec)), indicating that the lawn ecosystem would provide a negative feedback to global warming. There was no significant effect of soil warming on nocturnal NEE (i.e., ecosystem respiration), although the soil temperature sensitivity (Q10) of ecosystem respiration under soil warming treatment was 3.86, much lower than that in the control (7.03). The CO2 uptake was significantly increased by soil warming treatment that was attributed to about 100% increase of α (apparent quantum yield) and Amax (maximum rate of photosynthesis). Our results indicated that the response of photosynthesis in urban lawn is much more sensitive to global warming than respiration in the transition period. 相似文献
55.
Three-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model for TMDL development of Lake Fuxian, China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Lei Zhao Xiaoling Zhang Yong Liu Bin He Xiang Zhu Rui Zou Yuanguan Zhu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(8):1355-1363
Lake Fuxian is the largest deep freshwater lake in China. Although its average water quality meets Class I of the China National Water Quality Standard (CNWQS), i.e., GB3838-2002, monitoring data indicate that the water quality approaches the Class II threshold in some areas. Thus it is urgent to reduce the watershed load through the total maximum daily load (TMDL) program. A three-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model was developed for Lake Fuxian, simulating flow circulation and pollutant fate and transport. The model development process consists of several steps, including grid generation, initial and boundary condition configurations, and model calibration processes. The model accurately reproduced the observed water surface elevation, spatiotemporal variations in temperature, and total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations, suggesting a reasonable numerical representation of the prototype system for further TMDL analyses. The TMDL was calculated using two interpretations of the water quality standards for Class I of the CNWQS based on the maximum instantaneous surface and annual average surface water concentrations. Analysis of the first scenario indicated that the TN, TP and COD loads should be reduced by 66%, 68% and 57%, respectively. Water quality was the highest priority; however, local economic development and cost feasibility for load reduction can pose significant issues. In the second interpretation, the model results showed that, under the existing conditions, the average water quality meets the Class I standard and therefore load reduction is unnecessary. Future studies are needed to conduct risk and cost assessments for realistic decision-making. 相似文献
56.
57.
Seasonal trend of ambient PCDD/Fs in Tianjin City, northern China using active sampling strategy 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Lei Ding Yingming Li Pu Wang Xiaomin Li Zongshan Zhao Qinghua Zhang Ting Tuan Guibin Jiang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(11):1966-1971
The spatial concentrations, seasonal trends, profiles and congener pairs of ambient polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were investigated within a seasonally active sampling scheme during Jun 2008 and Jan 2009 in Tianjin City, northern China. The PCDD/F concentrations ranged 14.2-172 fg I-TEQ/m3 (average 69.3 fg I-TEQ/m3) in summer and (89.8-1.01) × 103 fg I-TEQ/m3 (average 509 fg I-TEQ/m3) in winter, respectively, except for the E-waste dismantling site where much higher values were observed (1.04 × 103 fg I-TEQ/m3 in summer and 7.123 × 103 fg I-TEQ/m3 in winter). The results indicated a significantly seasonal trend with higher TEQ values in winter as compared with summer, which could be related to increased emission sources and seasonal variations of the atmospheric boundary layer height. 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF was the dominant contributor to the total PCDD/F toxic equivalents, and 2,3,7,8-TCDD was detected at almost all the sampling sites in winter. Most of the similarly substituted PCDD/F congener pairs exhibited high correlations, suggesting that they might have similar environmental fate or sources. But different seasonal and spatial distributions of PCDD/F concentrations indicated that the emission sources might be intermittent. 相似文献
58.
A series of WO3/CeO2 (WOx/CeO2) catalysts were synthesized by wet impregnation of ammonium metatungstate on a CeO2 support. The resulting solid acid catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (in-situ FT-IR) of ammonia adsorption, NH3-TPD, H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), NH3/NO oxidation and activity measurements for NOx reduction by NH3 (NH3-SCR). The results show that polytungstate (WOx) species are the main species of tungsten oxide on the surface of ceria. The addition of tungsten oxide enhances the Brönsted acidity of ceria catalysts remarkably and decreases the amount of surface oxygen on ceria, with strong interaction between CeO2 and WOx. As a result, the N2 selectivity of NH3 oxidation and NH3-SCR at high temperatures (> 300℃) is enhanced. Therefore, a wide working temperature window in which NOx conversion exceeds 80% (NOx conversion > 80%) from 200 to 450℃, is achieved over 10 wt.% WOx/CeO2 catalyst. A tentative model of the NH3-SCR reaction route on WOx/CeO2 catalysts is presented. 相似文献
59.
Size distributions and sources of elements in particulate matter at curbside, urban and rural sites in Beijing 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
Size distributions of 29 elements in aerosols collected at urban, rural and curbside sites in Beijing were studied. High levels of Mn, Ni, As, Cd and Pb indicate the pollution of toxic heavy metals cannot be neglected in Beijing. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicates 4 sources of combustion emission, crust related sources, traffic related sources and volatile species from coal combustion. The elements can be roughly divided into 3 groups by size distribution and enrichment factors method (EFs). Group 1 elements are crust related and mainly found within coarse mode including Al, Mg, Ca, Sc, Ti, Fe, Sr, Zr and Ba; Group 2 elements are fossil fuel related and mostly concentrated in accumulation mode including S, As, Se, Ag, Cd, Tl and Pb; Group 3 elements are multi-source related and show multi-mode distribution including Be, Na, K, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Mo, Sn and Sb. The EFs of Be, S, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Tl and Pb show higher values in winter than in summer indicating sources of coal combustion for heating in winter. The abundance of Cu and Sb in coarse mode is about 2-6 times higher at curbside site than at urban site indicating their traffic sources. Coal burning may be the major source of Pb in Beijing since the phase out of leaded gasoline, as the EFs of Pb are comparable at both urban and curbside sites, and about two times higher in winter than that in summer. 相似文献
60.